Sarah Tavel

Tavel extends her original framework to highlight how companies can build products that retain users over time. She categorizes engagement loops and stresses the importance of value creation at each step. Highly relevant for product managers and growth teams focused on long-term user engagement.

This article presents the first level of the Hierarchy of Marketplaces framework, focusing on creating user happiness and scalable engagement. Tavel draws on real examples to show how leading marketplaces like Etsy and Airbnb progressed through each level. Useful for marketplace builders aiming for long-term defensibility.